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Perl OOP
Perl doesn't have classes. Perl's OOP model uses references, subroutines, and packages to do what people expect classes to do, but there's no thing that is a class. You don't have class data for that reason, and have to fake it with one package per module with lexical variables in the file-scope.

The notion of current package is lexically scoped, but packages are not.
Packages aren't scopes. They are lexically scoped, but don't define a scope.